Wildlife in Egypt - Encompass Africa

Wildlife in Egypt: What to expect

Egypt is often associated with ancient civilizations and vast deserts, but it is also home to a surprising variety of wildlife. While large predators like lions once roamed the semi-desert regions in prehistoric and historic times, they have long since disappeared. Today, Egypt’s wildlife thrives in its deserts, mountains, and the rich marine ecosystems of the Red Sea. Visitors can encounter hardy desert animals, elusive mountain dwellers, and an astonishing array of marine species beneath the waves.

Unique species

Despite its arid climate, Egypt is home to several unique and fascinating animals. The Dorcas gazelle, a graceful and resilient species, survives in the harsh desert landscape, feeding on sparse vegetation. The fennec fox, known for its oversized ears, is well-adapted to the extreme temperatures of the desert. In the rugged mountains of the Sinai Peninsula, the Nubian ibex, a species of wild goat with striking curved horns, can still be spotted navigating the steep cliffs.

Other notable desert species include the Egyptian hare, two types of jerboa (small rodents with powerful hind legs for jumping), and the Egyptian jackal (Canis lupaster), a canid that has adapted to life in arid regions. The hyrax, a small, rock-dwelling mammal, can also be found in the Sinai Mountains

Birds and aquatic life

Egypt is an important stopover for migratory birds traveling between Africa and Europe. Birdwatchers can spot species such as the Egyptian vulture, hoopoe, and various herons and wading birds along the Nile and in wetland areas. The deserts also provide a habitat for kestrels, falcons, and owls.
The Red Sea is one of the world’s most biodiverse marine ecosystems, home to over 300 species of coral and 2,100 species of fish, 10% of which are found nowhere else. Marine life includes vibrant reef fish, manta rays, several species of shark, and sea turtles. Spinner dolphins are a highlight for visitors, while the elusive dugong still inhabits the seagrass beds of Egypt’s coastal waters.

Endangered wildlife

While Egypt’s wildlife has diminished over the centuries, conservation efforts continue to protect species at risk. The Nubian ibex, once more widespread, faces threats from hunting and habitat loss. Marine conservation efforts in the Red Sea are also crucial, as increasing tourism and climate change pose risks to the delicate coral reef ecosystems. Dugongs, an endangered marine mammal related to the manatee, are particularly vulnerable to habitat degradation.

Something different

For those looking for a unique wildlife experience, Egypt offers the opportunity to explore its desert landscapes on the back of a camel, an animal deeply tied to the country’s culture and history. Additionally, the protected marine parks of the Red Sea, such as Ras Mohammed National Park, offer some of the best snorkelling and diving opportunities in the world, allowing visitors to witness thriving underwater ecosystems firsthand.
While Egypt may not have the traditional safari experience of other African nations, its deserts, mountains, and oceans hold an abundance of wildlife waiting to be discovered. From the hidden creatures of the dunes to the vibrant marine life beneath the waves, Egypt’s wildlife offers a unique and fascinating adventure.

If these wildlife species of Egypt impress you and you’re dreaming of a holiday in Egypt we’d love to help. Please do reach out via telephone or email.

Get in touch